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Objective:To explore the effect of modified Xiongxiesan on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle tissues and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）， tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） in cough variant asthma （CVA） model rats. Method:A total 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group （8 rats） and model group （40 rats）. CVA model of rats were established through the intraperitoneal administration with 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg Al（OH）3， and then aerosol inhalation of 1％ OVA 15 days later. The same volume of sterile saline was given to the normal group through the intraperitoneal injection. Then 40 rats in the modeling group were randomly divided into model group， modified Xiongxiesan group （TCM group， 6 g·kg-1·d-1）， montelukast group （0.4 mg·kg-1·d-1）， chemokine receptor1/2 （CXCR1/2） inhibitor group （G31P group injected subcutaneously via the neck with a dose of 0.5 mg·kg-1 every other day）， and CXCR1/2 inhibitor and modified Xiongxiesan group （G31P+TCM group）， with 8 rats in each group. The control group and the model group were orally given distilled water 10 mL·kg-1·d-1. Then the rats were sacrificed， and lung samples were collected. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）. Basement membrane perimeter （PBM），wall area of bronchial tube （WAt），wall area of bronchial smooth muscle （WAm） and the number of smooth muscle cells （N） were measured using image pro-plus software and standardized based on PBM. The expressions of PCNA， MMP9 and TIMP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the control group， there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of smooth muscle area in the model group， which however were alleviated in other groups. The expressions of PCNA and MMP-9，TIMP1 were higher in the model group，which were reduced in other groups significantly. Conclusion:Modified Xiongxiesan can reduce the thickness of airway smooth muscle tissue in the CVA model rats， which may be correlated with the inhibition of the CXCR1/2 pathway， thereby reducing the proliferative activity of smooth muscle tissue and inhibiting the expression of related matrix metalloproteinases.
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Objective To compare real-time PCR and gomori-methenamine silver stain in the diagnosis of pneumocystis peumonia (PCP).Methods 2 525 unrepeated specimens from suspected PCP patient admitted in Peaking Union Medical College Hospital were collected in 2014.2 492 samples were detected by gomori-methenamine silver stain,33 samples were detected by real-time PCR,and 429 samples were detected by both methods at the meanwhile.With clinical diagnosis as reference standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two methods were analysised.Results Positive rate of gomori-methenamine silver stain was 1.2 ％ (30/2 492).The first three specimen types were sputum,tracheal intubation suction and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,the positive rate was 0.70 ％ (13/1 845),4.00％ (10/250) and 2.72％ (7/257) respectively.Positive rate of realtime PCR was 34.20％ (158/462),and the positive rate of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 30.61％ (105/343) and 44.54％ (53/119) respectively.The sensitivity were 13.97％ vs 72.07％,specificity were 100％ vs 94.24％,positive predictive value were 100％ vs 92.14％ and negative predictive value were 55.36％ vs 78.26％ for gomori-methenamine silver stain and real-time PCR respectively.All of which were statistically significant analysed by x2 test for paired data.The x2 value and P alue were x2 =68.625,P＜0.01;x2 =4.296,P＜0.05;x2 =6.380,P＜0.01 and x2 =11.873,P＜0.01.Conclusion The real-time PCR had higher sensitivity,fewer interference factors and more clinical diagnostic value,so clinicians should make more use of real-time PCR to diagnose PCP earlier.
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Objective To compare the performance of a commercial multiplex nucleic acid amplification test (MultiplexNAT) and the conventional microbiological testing for etiologic pathogens of gastroenteritis.Methods 135 stool specimens from 135 patients showing gastroenteritis symptoms were collected and detected by both the MultiplexNAT and the conventional testing.Results The detection rates of at least one potential etiologic agent was 81.5 ％ and 33.3％ by the MultiplexNAT and conventional testing,respectively.12 pathogens could be detected by the MultiplexNAT while 5 pathogens could be detected by the conventional testing.Of the negative samples from conventional testing,48.1％ were positive with the MultiplexNAT.Furthermore,31.1 ％ and none of the stool specimens showed coinfection by MultiplexNAT and conventional testing,respectively.Using MultiplexNAT,the positive detection rates of viruses were highest in the outpatient settings,emergency and inpatient settings,which were 15.6 ％,31.1 ％ and 3.7 ％ respectively.The overall proportion of pathogen-positive samples was higher for outpatient settings than for emergency and inpatient settings using both conventional testing and the MultiplexNAT.x2 test for paired data for statistical analysis:positive detection rates,coinfection positive detection rates and three settings positive detection rates using two methods was statistically significant respectively (x2 =45.57～58.887,P＜0.01).Conclusion The MultiplexNAT significantly has more postivie detection rates compared to the conventional testing,and could be a possible method in the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis diseases.
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OBJECTIVES: Few studies have attempted to explain the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity in Korea. Especially the studies on same race with different SES at same time are good for SES influence estimation. The present study highlights the influence of SES of parents on adolescent obesity. The subjects are the same race, but live in different areas, with different SES, Seoul and Yangpung in Korea, and Yanbian in China. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mar-Jun 1996. We carried out anthropometry, 24 hour-recall diet survey, self-reported questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity. For SES indicators, we used income and education of parents. RESULTS: The relationship between SES of parents, defined as educational status, and obesity in boys in Korea and China is direct, but not significant. The relationship is inverse and non-significant among Korean girls. However, for the Korean girls in severe obesity, the relationship is significant. For the Korean-Chinese girls, there is an inverse relationship between the education level and obesity but a direct relationship between the income level of parents and obesity. For the Korean adolescent, there are a direct association between the SES of parents and the nutrients factors such as energy, protein, and fat intake. The energy expenditure of adolescent has no relationship with SES of parents. CONCLUSION: Among boys, the higher the SES, the greater the risk of obese. Among girls in Korea and Korean-Chinese, on the other hand, the lower the educational status of parents, the greater the risk of obese.